Illustrated Encyclopedia of Human Anatomic Variation: Opus II: Cardiovascular System
Ronald A. Bergman, PhD
Adel K. Afifi, MD, MS
Ryosuke Miyauchi, MD
Peer Review Status: Internally Peer Reviewed
A: This figure was drawn from a specimen of low origin of the right subclavian with both carotids springing from a common stem, which is in the Warren Museum (Harvard University).
B: This figure, taken from Krause (1876), Fig. 115 (Macartney), and Tiedemann, 1846, Fig. 6, Plate XXXIX, represents a case of low origin of the right subclavian artery with the right vertebral springing from the right common carotid and left vertebral from the aortic arch.
C: This figure, representing a case of common trunk for the carotids, was taken from Tiedemann (1822), Fig. 2, Plate III; copied by Quain (1844) as Fig. 4, Plate VII.
D: This figure, representing a case of low right subclavian artery, with a common stem for the left carotid and subclavian, was taken from Tiedemann (1822), Fig. 6, Plate 11; copied by Quain (1844) as Fig. 8, Plate VII.
E: This figure, representing a case in which all four branches spring separately from the arch, was taken from Tiedemann (1822), Fig. 3, Plate 111; copied by Quain (1844) as Fig. 10, Plate VI.
F: This figure, representing a case of the left common carotid arising from the innominate trunk and the left vertebral from the arch, was taken from Tiedemann (1822), Fig. 7, Plate 11.
G: This figure, representing a case of the right subclavian arising as the second branch from the arch, was taken from Tiedemann (1822), Fig. 4, Plate I 11; copied by Quain (1844) as Fig. II, Plate VI. The original was by Huber (1777), Vol. 8, p. 75 and Fig. 3.
H: This figure is adapted from a case of left vertebral arising from the aortic arch which was found in our [Poynter's] dissecting rooms.
I: This figure, representing a case in which the left vertebral is the last branch from the arch, was taken from Tiedemann (1822), Fig. 10, Plate III; copied by Quain as Fig. 10, Plate VII.
J: This figure, representing the right subclavian as the third
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