Illustrated Encyclopedia of Human Anatomic Variation: Opus II: Cardiovascular System
Ronald A. Bergman, PhD
Adel K. Afifi, MD, MS
Ryosuke Miyauchi, MD
Peer Review Status: Internally Peer Reviewed
The author has found 12 different patterns in the arterial circle which may be incomplete or asymmetrical with duplication of components and absence or fusion of others.
Authors' note: Additional references: Stehbens, W.E. Aneurysms and anatomical variation of cerebral arteries. Arch. Pathol. 75:45-64, 1963; and Kirgis, J.D., Fisher, W.L., Llewellyn, R.C. and E. McC. Peebles. Aneurysms of anterior communicating artery and gross anomalies of the circle of Willis, J. Neurosurg. 25:73-78, 1966.
Redrawn from Kleiss, E. Die verschiedenen Formen des Circulus arteriosus cerebralis Willisi. Anat. Anz. 92:216-230, 1941-42.
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