Illustrated Encyclopedia of Human Anatomic Variation: Opus II: Cardiovascular System
Ronald A. Bergman, PhD
Adel K. Afifi, MD, MS
Ryosuke Miyauchi, MD
Peer Review Status: Internally Peer Reviewed
A: Illustrates a normal left vertebral artery running behind the thoracic duct.
B: Illustrates a left vertebral artery with a very deep origin from the left subclavian and with an entrance into the fifth transverse foramen. The thoracic duct was located between the vertebral and left subclavian.
C: Illustrates a vertebral artery arising from the aortic arch and entering the fourth transverse foramen. The thoracic duct is located between the vertebral and left subclavian. A rudimentary second vertebral artery lies behind the duct and enters the sixth transverse foramen.
From Adachi, B. Anatomie der Japaner Das Arteriensystem der Japaner. Verlag der Kaiserlich-Japanischen Universität zu Kyoto. In Kommission bei "Maruzen Co.", Kyoto und Tokyo. Gedruckt von "Kenkyusha" in Tokyo, 1928.
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