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Anatomy Atlases: Illustrated Encyclopedia of Human Anatomic Variation: Opus II: Cardiovascular System: High Origin of Ulnar Artery

Illustrated Encyclopedia of Human Anatomic Variation: Opus II: Cardiovascular System

Persistent Left Superior Vena Cava: Review of Types

Ronald A. Bergman, PhD
Adel K. Afifi, MD, MS
Ryosuke Miyauchi, MD

Peer Review Status: Internally Peer Reviewed


50 Cases--Includes 10 cases associated with important cardiovasclar defts.

32 Cases--Includes 6 cases assoicated with important cardiovascular defects.

9 Cases--Ostium of coronary sinus closed. No associated cardiovascular defects.

29 Cases
Condition of anastomosis not described--Includes 21 cases associated with important cardiovascular defects.
Total 111 Cases

7 Cases--Left superior vena cava enters left atrium directly, Rt. s.v.c enters Rt. atrium as usual. All cases have important associated cardiovascular defects. Anastomosis-variable.

8 Cases--Type resembling embryonic sinus venosus, a common ante-chamber receiving both sup. venae cavae, inf. vena cava and Lt. sub-heptic v. All cases have important associated cardiovascular defects. Anastomosis-variable.

3 Cases--Presistence of drainage of a small left hepatic vein as in the left horn of the sinus venosus. No associated cariovascular defects. Great cardiac v. empties into Rt. atrium.

1 Case--Incomplete septation between orifices of inf. vena cava and coronary sinus. cornary veins empty coronary sinus and caudal protion of Lt. superior vena cava.

1 Case--Incomplete septation between orifices of inf. vena cava and coronary sinus. Coronary veins empty coronary sinus and caudal portion of Left superior vena cava.

24 Cases--Includes 2 cases associated with poten foramen ovale, all other cases have no associated deftes.

3 Cases--Show Rt. s.v.c. as an obliterated cord-like remnant.

3 Cases--Left superior vena only, enters left atrium directly. All cases have important associated cardiovascular defects. Pulmonary veins enter left atrium in 2 cases, not specified in one case.

3 Cases--Left superior vena cava only, enters a common atrial chamber directly. All cases have associated ventricular septal and vescular defects.

Chart 1- Schematic drawing ofvariatrions of the left superior vena cava in 170 cases from the world literature. Partial persistence in 4 additional cases shown in pulmonary sketches. Broken septal line indicates septal defect.

3 Cases--Lt. s.v.c. receives totl pulmonary drainage and enters Rt. atrium. All cases have IA defect. One cases also has IV defect.

2 Cases--Lt. s.v.c. receives total pulmonary drainage andenters Lt. atrium. All cases have IA defect, one case also has IV defect.

2 Cases--Rt. atrium receives total pulmonary drainage. Both s.v.c. enter Rt. atrium. All cases have IA defect (questionably functional in one case). One case also has IV defect.

2 Cases--Rt. atrium receives total pulmonary drainage. Lt. s.v.c. enters Lt. atrium. One case is true situs inversus. IA and IV defects.

2 Cases--Rt. s.v.c. receives total pulmonary drainage. Embryonic sino-strict arrangement. One case shows persistent Lt. sub-hepatic v. IA and IV defects.

1 Case--Lt. s.v.c. retotal pulmonary drainage. Embryonic sino-atrial arrangement. IA and IV defect.

6 Cases--Total pulmonary drainge directly into sino-atrial chamber. Embryonic type. All cases have IA and IV defects.

1 Case--Lt. s.v.c. receives total pulmonary drainage and enters common atrium. Biocular heart.

Chart 2A.Schematic drawings of world literature cases showing variations in anomalous pulmonary drainage in presence of left superior vena cava. Broken septal line indicates septal defect.

3 Cases--Partial persistence. Lt. s.v.c. receives total pulmonary drainage. all cases have IA defect.

1 Case--Partial persistence. Lt. s.v.c. receives partial pulmonary drainage (Lt. upper lobe) IA defect.

1 Case--Lt. atrium receives total pulmonary drainage and Lt. s.v.c. IA and IV defect.

1 Case--Lt. atrium receives total pulmonary drainage except Rt. upper lobe v. which enters Rt. s.v.c. IV defect.

2 Cases--Both atrial receive total pulmonary drainage. Both s.v.c. enter Rt. atrium. IA defect.

1 Case--Lt. atrium receives total pulmonary drainage and Lt. s.v.c. IA and IV defect.

Chart 2B. Schematic drawings of world literature cases showing variations in anomalous pulmonary drainage in presence of left superior vena cava (cont'd.) broken septal line indicates septal defect.

From Winter.

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