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Anatomy Atlases: Illustrated Encyclopedia of Human Anatomic Variation: Opus I: Muscular System: Alphabetical Listing of Muscles: R:Risorius (Santorini/Theile)

Illustrated Encyclopedia of Human Anatomic Variation: Opus I: Muscular System: Alphabetical Listing of Muscles: R

Risorius (Santorini/Theile)

Ronald A. Bergman, PhD
Adel K. Afifi, MD, MS
Ryosuke Miyauchi, MD

Peer Review Status: Internally Peer Reviewed


This muscle is frequently absent or may be represented by some scattered muscular bands. Its intimate association with depressor anguli oris suggests derivation from that muscle. The muscle varies in the extent of its distribution and has been found arising from the fascia over the sterno- mastoid, muscle, or the mastoid process, the outer ear or zygomatic process. It has been found doubled and tripled.


References

Anson, B.J.,Ed. (1966) Morris' Human Anatomy,12th ed. The Blakiston Division, McGraw-Hill Book Company, New york.

Henle, J. (1871) Handbuch der Muskellehre des Menschen, in Handbuch der systematischen Anatomie des Menschen. Verlag von Friedrich Vieweg und Sohn, Braunschweig.

Macalister, A. (1875) Observations on muscular anomalies in the human anatomy. Third series with a catalogue of muscular variations hitherto published. Trans. Roy. Irish Acad. Sci. 25:1-130.

Schaefer, E.A., Symington, J. and T.H. Bryce., Eds. (1923) Quain's Elements of Human Anatomy,11th ed. Longmans, Green and Co., London.

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