Illustrated Encyclopedia of Human Anatomic Variation: Opus III: Nervous System
Ronald A. Bergman, PhD
Adel K. Afifi, MD, MS
Ryosuke Miyauchi, MD
Peer Review Status: Internally Peer Reviewed
Variations in Sympathetic Nerve Pathways to the Heart
(continued).
"Fetus 3. On the left side, a distal intermediate ganglion, giving vertebral and aortic rami only, lies on a loop between the cervicothoracic and the second thoracic ganglion (arrow). The superior and middle cervical cardiac rami that are marked with asterisks receive contributions from different levels of the trunk.
Fetus 4. On the right side, all but one of the sympathetic cardiac rami arise from the cervicothoracic ganglion. The left side shows an additional thoracic cardiac ramus."
From Ellison, J.P. and TH. Williams. Sympathetic nerve pathways to the human heart, and their variations. Am. J. Anat. 124:149-162, 1969.
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