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Anatomy Atlases: Illustrated Encyclopedia of Human Anatomic Variation: Opus III: Nervous System: Variations in Sympathetic Nerve Pathways to the Heart.

Illustrated Encyclopedia of Human Anatomic Variation: Opus III: Nervous System

Variations in Sympathetic Nerve Pathways to the Heart.

Ronald A. Bergman, PhD
Adel K. Afifi, MD, MS
Ryosuke Miyauchi, MD

Peer Review Status: Internally Peer Reviewed


"Fetus 5. This fetus presents certain features of bilateral symmetry, and in particular the sites of origin of the sympathetic cardiac rami are similar. Superior cervical contributions are absent on both sides. There are no phrenic connections and the vagal connection is bilateral. However, links with the recurrent laryngeal nerve (arrows) are present on the left side only.

Fetus 6. On the left side sympathetic and parasympathetic cardiac rami (*) exchange nerve fibers as they proceed towards the heart. A cross-link (arrow) occurs between a middle cervical cardiac ramus and the ansa subclavia. "

From Ellison, J.P. and TH. Williams. Sympathetic nerve pathways to the human heart, and their variations. Am. J. Anat. 124:149-162, 1969.

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