Anatomy Atlases(tm) : A digital library of anatomy information

Home | About | FAQ | Reviews | Search

Anatomy Atlases: Illustrated Encyclopedia of Human Anatomic Variation: Opus III: Nervous System: Brain: Brain Stem

Illustrated Encyclopedia of Human Anatomic Variation: Opus III: Nervous System: Brain

Brain Stem

Ronald A. Bergman, PhD
Adel K. Afifi, MD, MS
Ryosuke Miyauchi, MD

Peer Review Status: Internally Peer Reviewed


Heterotopias of white matter within the medulla oblongata have been described.

The left pyramid decussates first in about 73% of individuals. Interesting variations in the pyramidal tracts have been reported. In about 71% of 144 specimens, both crossed and uncrossed pyramidal tracts were present bilaterally. In 13%, only crossed tracts were present; in 12%, both crossed tracts and one uncrossed tract were present; in 2.8%, only uncrossed tracts were found; and in 0.7%, one pyramid was totally crossed, and the other pyramid was totally uncrossed.


References

Bairamian, D., Di Chiro, G., Theodore, W.H., Holmes, M.D. Dorwart, R.H. and S.M. Larson. (1985) MR imaging and positron emission tomography of cortical heterotopia. J. of Computer Assisted Tomography 9(6):1137-1139.

Bergeron, R.T. (1967) Pneumographic demonstration of subependyml heterotopic cortical gray matter in children. Am. J. Roentgenol. 101:168-167.

Deeb, Z.L., Rothfus, W.E. and J.C. Maroon. (1985) MR imaging of heterotopic gray matter. J. Comp. Assist. Tomogr. 9(6):1140-1141.

Dejerine, -. et -. Dejerine. (1904) Le faisceau pyramidal direct. Rev. Neurol. 12:253-274.

Féré, -. (1876) Anomalies du cerveau. Bulletins et Mem. de la Société Anatomique de Paris LI(2):172-173.

Féré, -. (1876) Anomlaies du cerveau. Bulletins et Mem. de la Société Anatomique de Paris LI(6):439-442.

Hoche, A. (1897) über Variationen im Verlauf der Pyramidenbahn. Neurol. Centralblatt 16:993-997.

Maunoury, G. (1880) Anomalies considèrables des circonvolutions cèrèbrales. Bulletins et Mem. de la Société Anatomique de Paris LV(1):28-32.

Mikhael, M.A. and A.G. Mattar (1978) Malformation of the cerebral cortex with heterotopia of the gray matter. J. Comput. Assist. Tomogr. 2:291-296.

Mueller, C.F. (1970) Heterotopic gray matter. Radiology 94:357-358.

Quinquaud, -. (1867) Anomalie des fibres arciformes du bulbe rachidien. Bulletins et Mem. de la Societe Anatomique de Paris XLII(1):19-21.

Sweet, W.H. (1976) Recent observations pertinent to improving anterolateral cordotomy. Clin. Neurosurg. 23:80-95.

Van Gieson, I. (1892) A study of the artifacts of the nervous system. N.Y. Med. J. 56:337-346, 437-447.

Section Top | Title Page
Home | About Us | FAQ | Reviews | Contact Us | Search

Anatomy Atlases is curated by Michael P. D'Alessandro, M.D. and Ronald A. Bergman, Ph.D.

Please send us comments by filling out our Comment Form.

All contents copyright © 1995-2024 the Author(s) and Michael P. D'Alessandro, M.D. All rights reserved.

"Anatomy Atlases", the Anatomy Atlases logo, and "A digital library of anatomy information" are all Trademarks of Michael P. D'Alessandro, M.D.

Anatomy Atlases is funded in whole by Michael P. D'Alessandro, M.D. Advertising is not accepted.

Your personal information remains confidential and is not sold, leased, or given to any third party be they reliable or not.

The information contained in Anatomy Atlases is not a substitute for the medical care and advice of your physician. There may be variations in treatment that your physician may recommend based on individual facts and circumstances.

URL: http://www.anatomyatlases.org/