Illustrated Encyclopedia of Human Anatomic Variation: Opus III: Nervous System: Plexuses
Ronald A. Bergman, PhD
Adel K. Afifi, MD, MS
Ryosuke Miyauchi, MD
Peer Review Status: Internally Peer Reviewed
The connection with the intercostobrachial nerve may be multiple (two or more communicating branches), forming a plexus at the posterior boundry of the axillary space.
The nerve sometimes communicates with the lateral cutaneous branch of the third intercostal nerve.
When absent, the medial brachial cutaneous is replaced (rarely) by a lateral cutaneous branch from the first thoracic nerve, which traverses the first intercostal space, or more commonly by the intercostobrachial nerve.
The medial cutaneous nerve usually leaves the brachial plexus as a single branch, or it may be combined with the medial antebrachial cutaneous nerve.
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References
Birmingham, A. (1889) Homology and innervation of the achselbogen and pectoralis quartus, and the nature of the lateral cutaneous nerve of the thorax. J. Anat. Physiol. 23:206-223.
Henle, J. (1868) Handbuch der Systematischen Anatomy des Menschen. von Friedrich Vieweg und Sohn., Braunschweig.
Latarjet, A. (1948) Testut's Traité d'Anatomie Humaine, 9th ed., G. Doin & Cie., Paris.
Schaefer, E.A., Symington, J. and T.H. Bryce, Eds. (1915) Quain's Anatomy, 11th ed., Longmans, Green, and Co., London.
Zaluska, S., Urbanowicz, Z., Szczepinska, J. and H. Stefaniak-Woitasik. (1978) External structure of the medial cutaneous nerve of the arm in postfetal life in man. Folia Morphol. (Warsaw) 37:359-365.
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