Anatomy Atlases: Atlas of Human Anatomy in Cross Section: Section 2. Neck, Shoulders, Upper Arm, and Upper Thorax (Lungs)

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Atlas of Human Anatomy in Cross Section: Section 2. Neck, Shoulders, Upper Arm, and Upper Thorax (Lungs)

Plate 2.6

Ronald A. Bergman, Ph.D., Adel K. Afifi, M.D., Jean J. Jew, M.D., and Paul C. Reimann, B.S.
Peer Review Status: Externally Peer Reviewed

Upper Left Quadrant	Lower Left Quadrant	Lower Right Quadrant	Upper Right Quadrant
1. Recurrent laryngeal nerve 2. Anterior jugular v. 3. Tendon m. sternocleidomastoid 4. Parathyroid gland 5. Inferior thyroid a. and v. 6. Internal jugular v. and common carotid a. 7. Phrenic nerve 8. Subclavian a. 9. Clavicle 10. Brachial plexus 11. Anterior scalene m. 12. Subclavius m. 13. Pectoralis major m 14. Brachial plexus 15. Axillary a. 16. Brachial plexus, C8 nerve root 17. Cephalic v. and rib 1 18. Brachial plexus of nerves 19. Pectoralis major m. 20. Tendon m. biceps brachii, long head 21. Axillary fat 22. Humerus 23. Tendon m. Iatissimus dorsi 24. Lung, right upper lobe, apical segment, apex 25. Tendon m. teres major	26. Scapula 27. Posterior humeral circumflex a. and v. 28. Rib 2 29. Subscapular nerve 30. Parietal pleura 31. Teres minor m. 32. Suprascapular a. and v., infraspinatus brs. 33. Scapula 34. Subscapularis m. 35. Rib 3 36. Scapula 37. Thoracolumbar fascia 38. Serratus anterior m. 39. Infraspinatus m. 40. Transverse cervical a. and v. 41. Costovertebral articulation, T3 42. Scapula, medial border 43. Rhomboideus minor m. 44. Rhomboideus major m. 45. Semispinalis capitis m. 46. Trapezius m. 47. Vertebra, T2 body 48. Basivertebral v.	49. Supraspinous ligament 50. Vertebra, T1 spinous process 51. Thoracic spinal cord 52. Trapezius m. 53. Rhomboideus major m. 54. Semispinalis capitis m. 55. Multifidus m. 56. Rhomboideus minor m. 57. Scapula, medial border 58. Dorsal scapular nerve (nerve to rhomboids) 59. Subarachnoid space 60. Intervertebral v., anterior transverse br. 61. Subscapularis m. 62. Intercostal mm. 63. Infraspinatus m. 64. Serratus anterior m. 65. Teres minor m. 66. Rib 3 67. Scapula 68. Axillary nerve 69. Triceps brachii, long head 70. Scapula 71. Posterior humeral circumflex a., brs. 72. Intercostal mm. 73. Axillary nerve (splayed) 74. Deltoid m.	75. Subscapularis m. 76. Rib 2 77. Humerus, lesser tubercle 78. Humerus, greater tubercle 79. Tendon m. biceps brachii, long head in intertubercular groove of humerus 80. Lateral pectoral nerve entering pectoralis major m. 81. Lung, left upper lobe, upper division, apical posterior segment 82. Coracobrachialis and biceps brachii, short head mm. 83. Parietal pleura, pleural dome 84. Pectoral is minor m. 85. Cephalic v. 86. Brachial plexus of nerves 87. Rib 1 88. Brachial plexus of nerves 89. Internal jugular v. 90. Brachial plexus of nerves, dorsal root ganglion 91. Subclavius m. 92. External jugular v. 93. Brachial plexus of nerves 94. Subclavian a. 95. Clavicle 96. Anterior scalene m. 97. Phrenic nerve 98. Vagus nerve, CN 10 99. Thoracic duct and intervertebral disk, T1 100. Internal jugular v. 101. Common carotid a. 102. Recurrent laryngeal nerve and vertebra, T1 103. Sternohyoid m. 104. Thyroid gland 105. Anterior jugular v. 106. Esophagus 107. Trachea

This section passes through the thyroid gland (104), esophagus (106) (first appearance), first (102) and second (47) thoracic vertebrae, brachial plexus of nerves (10,16,86,88,90,93), scapula (26,33,36,42,57,67), clavicle (9,95), and the pleural dome and lungs (24,81).

In this section, the transition of pharynx to esophagus occurs.

Important blood vessels in the neck include the common carotid (6,101) and subclavian arteries (8,94), the anterior (2,105) and internal (6,100) jugular veins, and the transverse cervical (40), suprascapular (32), and inferior thyroid (5) arteries and veins.

The cranial end of the thorax is seen in this section. The uppermost part of the lungs can be seen and the following bronchopulmonary segments can be identified: the left lung, upper lobe, upper division, apical posterior segment (81), and the right lung, upper lobe, apical segment (24).

The serratus anterior muscle (38,64) usually arises from the first through eighth or ninth ribs and inserts onto the costal surface of the scapula, from its superior to its inferior angle.

The brachial plexus (86,88,90,93) of nerves is well seen on the left side where the roots of cervical nerves 5 through 8 and the first thoracic nerve have passed behind the anterior scalene muscle (96). The subclavian artery (94) takes the same route, behind the anterior scalene muscle and over the first rib, after which it is renamed the axillary artery. The vessel makes this transition in this section.

The humerus is cut just below its articulation with the scapula; its greater (78) and lesser (77) tubercles are seen. The two tubercles are separated by the intertubercular groove housing the tendon of the long head of biceps brachii (79).

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