Anatomy Atlases: Atlas of Human Anatomy in Cross Section: Section 5. Lower Thorax (Lungs) and Abdomen

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Atlas of Human Anatomy in Cross Section: Section 5. Lower Thorax (Lungs) and Abdomen

Plate 5.1

Ronald A. Bergman, Ph.D., Adel K. Afifi, M.D., Jean J. Jew, M.D., and Paul C. Reimann, B.S.
Peer Review Status: Externally Peer Reviewed

Upper Left Quadrant	Lower Left Quadrant	Lower Right Quadrant	Upper Right Quadrant
1. Falciform ligament of liver 2. Rectus abdominis m. 3. Diaphragm 4. Lung, right middle lobe medial segment 5. Hepatic duct 6. Peritoneal cavity 7. Pleural cavity 8. Intercostal mm. 9. Liver, caudate lobe (spigelian) 10. Liver, right lobe 11. Oblique fissure, right lung 12. Diaphragm 13. Pulmonary vein	14. Lung, right anterior basal segment 15. Inferior vena cava 16. Rib 8 17. Serratus anterior m. 18. Lung, right lateral basal segment 19. Latissimus dorsi m. 20. Rib 9 21. Diaphragm 22. Lung, right posterior basal segment 23. Intercostal v., T10 24. Longissimus m. 25. Thoracic duct 26. Hemiazygos v. joining azygos v. 27. Transverse process, T10 28. Thoracic vertebra, T10	29. Spinous process, T9 30. Multifidus m. 31. Dorsal root ganglion in intervertebral foramen 32. Aorta 33. Pleural cavity 34. Rib 10 35. Right vagus nerve, esophageal plexus and esophageal diaphragmatic hiatus 36. Lung, left lower lobe lateral basal segment 37. Rib 9 38. Diaphragm 39. Spleen 40. Inferior phrenic a. 41. Stomach	42. Rib 8 43. Esophagus 44. Liver, appendix fibrosus hepatis (var.), beaver tail 45. Left vagus nerve, esophageal plexus 46. Lung, left anterior basal segment 47. Rib 7 48. Diaphragm 49. Oblique fissure, left lung 50. Lung, left lingula 51. Liver, left lobe 52. Rib 6 53. Parietal and visceral pericardium 54. Heart, apex 55. Rib 6 56. Rib 7 57. Rectus abdominis m. 58. Xiphoid process

This section will arbitrarily be considered, for the purposes of this book, as the first plate in the section on the abdomen. It obviously passes through both the abdomen and the thorax but is, in the main, near the level of the dome of the diaphragm (esophageal hiatus, 35) and is as close to that point as a straight line section could ever be to separate the thorax and abdomen.

This section passes through the tenth thoracic vertebra (28) and its transverse processes (27). The tip of the spinous process (29) belongs to the ninth thoracic vertebra (29). The section passes close to the (intervertebral) foraminal notch of the tenth vertebra (28). The section cuts ribs 10 (34), 9 (20, 37), 8 (16, 42), 7 (47, 56) and 6 (52, 55).

On the left side, the section passes through the parietal and visceral pericardium (53), exposing the apex of the heart (54). It passes through a persistent fetal remnant of the left lobe of the liver (51), the so called "beaver tail" (44), which passes over the stomach (41) to terminate at the superior end of the spleen (39). The section cuts the left lung lingula (50), passes through the oblique fissure of the left lung (49), the left anterior basal segment (46), and the left lateral basal segment (36). It cuts the diaphragm (38, 48) and its inferior phrenic artery (40). The cut passes through the esophagus (43) at its junction with the stomach (41) at the esophageal diaphragmatic hiatus (35).

On the right side, the section passes through the right lobe of the liver (10), the caudate lobe (9), and the falciform ligament (1). It cuts the right lung, middle lobe medial segment (4), oblique fissure (11), right lateral basal segment (18), posterior basal segment (22), and anterior basal segment (14). The hemiazygos vein can be seen joining the azygos vein (26).

The right (35) and left (45) vagus nerves can be seen at the esophageal diaphragmatic hiatus.

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