Anatomy Atlases: Atlas of Human Anatomy in Cross Section: Section 6. Pelvis, Perineum, Hip, and Upper Thigh: Male

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Atlas of Human Anatomy in Cross Section: Section 6. Pelvis, Perineum, Hip, and Upper Thigh: Male

Plate 6.1 Pelvis, Perineum, Hip, and Upper Thigh: Male

Ronald A. Bergman, Ph.D., Adel K. Afifi, M.D., Jean J. Jew, M.D., and Paul C. Reimann, B.S.
Peer Review Status: Externally Peer Reviewed

Upper Left Quadrant	Lower Left Quadrant	Lower Right Quadrant	Upper Right Quadrant
1. Transverse colon 2. Inferior epigastric a. and v. 3. Common iliac aa. 4. Ileum 5. Ascending colon 6. Transversalis fascia 7. Ureter	8. Genitofemoral nerve 9. Genital br. of genitofemoral nerve 10. Iliohypogastric nerve 11. Ilioinguinal nerve 12. Os ilium 13. Inferior vena cava (last appearance) 14. Gluteus medius m. and gluteal fascia 15. Iliacus m. in iliac fossa (first appearance) 16. Posterior abdominal wall fat and psoas major m. 17. Iliolumbar ligament (an origin of iliacus) 18. Transverse process, L5 19. Thoracolumbar fascia 20. Superior articular process, L5 21. Articular cavity 22. Inferior articular process, L4 23. Vertebra, L5 24. Spinous process, L5	25. Nerve roots and filum terminale; thecal sac 26. First sacral nerve 27. Multifidus and erector spinae mm. 28. Nucleus pulposus and fibrous ring of L4/L5 disk 29. Lumbar plexus: L2, L3, and L4 30. Os ilium 31. Gluteus medius (first appearance) 32. Thoracolumbar fascia 33. Psoas major m. 34. Left common iliac joining inferior vena cava 35. Posterior abdominal wall fat 36. Descending colon 37. Sympathetic trunk 38. Parietal peritoneum 39. Ureter	40. Iliohypogastric nerve 41. Transversus abdominis m. 42. Internal abdominal oblique m. 43. External abdominal oblique m. 44. Jejunum 45. Mesentery 46. Jejunal aa. and w. 47. Abdominal aortic plexus of nerves 48. Inferior epigastric a. 49. Rectus abdominis m. and sheath 50. Linea alba

This section passes through the upper part of the fifth lumbar vertebra (23) and the lower part of the L4/L5 intervertebral disk (28).

At this level the bifurcation of the aorta has taken place, giving rise to the common iliac arteries (3). The inferior vena cave (13) is seen for the last time.

Gluteus medius (14, 31) and iliacus (15) muscles are seen for the first time.

The intestinal coils of the small intestine are cut many times: on the left side the jejunum (44) and on the right side the ileum (4). The retroperitoneal descending colon lying on the posterior abdominal wall is cut transversely (36). The ascending colon (5) is also seen. Although there is disagreement about where the sigmoid colon begins, Anson places it at the level of the superior aperture of the lesser or true pelvis (see Plate 6.5). Other authors (e.g., Poirier and Charpy, Spalteholtz, and Eycleshymer and Schoemaker) consider the beginning of the sigmoid to be below the place where the colon is in front of the iliac vessels and the left vas deferens. Still others consider the point of demarcation to be the crest of the ilium.

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