Anatomy Atlases: Atlas of Human Anatomy in Cross Section: Section 6: Pelvis, Perineum, Hip, and Upper Thigh

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Atlas of Human Anatomy in Cross Section: Section 6. Pelvis, Perineum, Hip, and Upper Thigh

Plate 6.5

Ronald A. Bergman, Ph.D., Adel K. Afifi, M.D., Jean J. Jew, M.D., and Paul C. Reimann, B.S.
Peer Review Status: Externally Peer Reviewed

Upper Left Quadrant	Lower Left Quadrant	Lower Right Quadrant	Upper Right Quadrant
1. Ileum 2. Radix mesentery, 3. Inferior epigastric a. and v. 4. Lateral umbilical ligament 5. Ileocolic vessels 6. Cecum 7. Peritoneal space 8. Insertion of lateral wall mm. onto anterior iliac spine 9. Anterior superior iliac spine 10. External iliac a. and v. (arising from common iliac v.) 11. Genitofemoral nerve 12. Os ilium 13. Femoral nerve 14. Ureter 15. Obturator nerve	16. Internal iliac a. and v. (arising from common iliac v.) 17. Ventral sacroiliac ligament 18. Superficial fascia (panniculus adiposus) 19. Superior gluteal v. and lumbosacral trunk 20. Sacroiliac joint 21. Superior gluteal vessels 22. Inferior gluteal a. and v. and sacrum 23. Second sacral nerve 24. Posterior sacroiliac ligament 25. Third sacral nerve 26. Multifidus m. 27. Anterior longitudinal ligament and spinal nerve roots (cauda equina) 28. Supraspinal ligament	29. Thecal sac 30. Multifidus m. 31. Third sacral nerve 32. Sacral bone articulation 33. Second sacral nerve 34. First sacral nerve 35. Superior rectal blood vessels 36. Gluteus maximus m. 37. Lumbosacral trunk 38. Ventral sacroiliac ligament 39. Gluteus medius m. 40. Internal iliac a. and v. 41. Gluteus minimus m.	42. External iliac a. and v. 43. Femoral nerve 44. Psoas major m. 45. Ureter 46. Anterior superior iliac spine 47. Deep circumflex iliac a. and v. and genitofemoral nerve, genital br. 48. Femoral br. of genitofemoral nerve 49. Transverse abdominis m. 50. Internal abdominal oblique m. 51. Sigmoid colon 52. Ileocolic blood vessels 53. Semilunar line 54. Lateral umbilical ligament 55. Colon 56. Peritoneal cavity and urinal, bladder, dome (first appearance) 57. Rectus abdominis m. 58. Median umbilical ligament

This section is through the sacrum at the level of the second anterior sacral foramen containing the second sacral nerve (23).

The bifurcation of the left common iliac into internal (40) and external (42) iliac veins is complete in this cut but the bifurcation will not be completed on the right side (10,16) until the next cut. The inferior gluteal artery and vein (22) are seen within the substance of the gluteus maximus muscle. The superior gluteal vein (19,21) is seen between gluteus medius (39) and minimus (41) muscles. The superior rectal blood vessels (35) are seen in this section.

Note that the transversus abdominis (8,49) arises in part from the iliac fascia or aponeurosis of the iliacus muscle, and the internal abdominal oblique muscles arise in part from the same fascia and from the anterior superior iliac spine (9, 46).

The first (34), second (23,33), and third (25,31) sacral nerves are found in this cut. The third sacral nerve (25,31) lies in the sacral canal. The femoral (48) and genital (47) branches of the genitofemoral nerve are found on the anterior surface of the psoas major muscle.

The dome of the urinary bladder (56) appears for the first time. The radix mesentery (2) is defined as the root of the mesentery or the origin of the mesentery of the jejunum and ileum from the posterior (dorsal) parietal peritoneum.

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