Anatomy Atlases: Atlas of Human Anatomy in Cross Section: Section 1. Head and Neck

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Atlas of Human Anatomy in Cross Section: Section 1. Head and Neck

Plate 1.21

Ronald A. Bergman, Ph.D., Adel K. Afifi, M.D., Jean J. Jew, M.D., and Paul C. Reimann, B.S.
Peer Review Status: Externally Peer Reviewed

Upper Left Quadrant	Lower Left Quadrant	Lower Right Quadrant	Upper Right Quadrant
1. Nasopharynx 2. Maxillary sinus 3. Pterygopalatine ganglion 4. Orbit and inferior oblique m. 5. Infraorbital a. 6. Lateral pterygoid m. and optic nerve 7. Zygomatic bone 8. Foramen ovale and mandibular division of trigeminal nerve (CN 5) 9. Deep temporal a. and brs. 10. Masseter m. 11. Auditory (eustachian) tube 12. Middle meningeal a. in foramen spinosum 13. Temporal bone, zygomatic process 14. Superficial temporal v. and temporal bone, zygomatic process 15. Superficial temporal a. and mandibular head 16. Internal carotid a.	17. External auditory meatus 18. Facial nerve (CN 7) 19. Jugular foramen, internal jugular v. 20. Mastoid air cells 21. Sigmoid sinus 22. Subarachnoid space 23. Spinal accessory nerve (CN 11) 24. Vagus nerve (CN 10) 25. Glossopharyngeal nerve (CN 9) 26. Superior vagal ganglion 27. Cerebellum 28. Vertebral a. 29. Subarachnoid space 30. Cerebellum	31. Medullary restiform body (inferior cerebellar peduncle) 32. Occipital bone 33. Cerebellum 34. Cerebellum 35. Medullary pyramid 36. Cerebellum, hemisphere 37. Vertebral a. 38. Basioccipital bone 39. Temporal bone, mastoid process 40. Pinna, elastic cartilage 41. Internal jugular v. 42. Rectus capitis anterior m. 43. Styloid process and internal carotid a. 44. Parotid gland 45. Middle meningeal a.	46. Superficial temporal a. and v. 47. Mandible, neck 48. Middle meningeal a. 49. Levator veli palatini m. 50. Mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve (CN 5) 51. Lateral pterygoid m. 52. Masseter m. 53. Longus capitis m. 54. Deep temporal a., tensor veli palatini m., and auditory (eustachian) tube 55. Mandible, coronoid process, and temporalis m. 56. Pterygoid plexus of w. 57. Infraorbital nerve, mandibular division of trigeminal nerve (CN 5) 58. Maxillary a., terminal brs. 59. Greater and lesser palatine nerves 60. Maxillary sinus 61. Infraorbital nerve 62. Levator labii superioris m. 63. Nasolacrimal duct 64. Middle concha 65. Nasalis m. 66. Nasal cavity 67. Nasal septum 68. Nasolacrimal duct

This section is similar to the one preceding, being its opposite face (looking down). This section passes through the nasal cavity (66), nasolacrimal ducts (63, 68), maxillary sinuses (2, 60), basioccipital bone (38), and the inferior part of the posterior cranial fossa, in which the cerebellar hemispheres (27, 36) can be seen. The section cuts the medulla oblongata (31, 35). Of particular interest is that cranial nerves 9 (glossopharyngeal) (25), 10 (vagus) (24), and 11 (spinal accessory) (23) are cut as they leave the cranial cavity via the jugular foramen and pass anterior to the jugular vein (19) medial to the internal carotid artery (16). Distally, they will lie between the carotid and the internal jugular vein. The superior vagal ganglion (26) is in the jugular foremen at the junction of the sigmoid sinus (21) and internal jugular vein (19).

The pterygopalatine ganglion (3) and the infraorbital artery (5) are identified.

The mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve is seen in the foremen ovale (8). The middle meningeal artery is seen in the foremen spinosum (12).

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